我国大陆主要少数民族HLA多态性聚类分析和频率分布对中华民族起源的启示

Revelations of the Origin of Chinese Nation from Clustering Analysis and Frequency Distribution of HLA Polymorphism in Major Minority Nationalities in China's Mainland

本文是1991年11月6—13日横滨第11届国际组织相容性会议(IHWC)协作科研中我国主要少数民族(苗族、布依族、蒙古族、满族、回族、藏族、维吾尔族)和南北汉族样本HLAⅠ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ类抗原多态性分析的联合报告。聚类分析表明,苗、布依与南方汉族聚类,蒙、满、回、藏与北方汉族集群,提示中华民族包含南北两大群体。维吾尔族非常疏远地共聚于高加索人种。高加索人种起源的HLA抗原基因频率(A3、B8等)由西向东又由北向南递减。东南亚蒙古人种起源的HLA抗原基因频率(B46等)由南向北递减。HLA抗原基因频率的这种梯度分布反映我们祖先自远古史前时期以来的不断迁移和相互融合的过程。本文讨论了中华民族包含南北两大群体这一事实对于中华民族起源的启示。

This paper is a joint report on the analysis of polymorphism of HLA class Ⅰ, Ⅱ and Ⅲ antigens in Chinese major minority nationalities (Miao, Buyi, Mongol of Inner Mongolia, Man, Hui, Tibetan and Uygur), and southern and northern Han samples as a part of the workshop organized by the 11th International Histocompatibility Workshop and Conference (IHWC) held on 6-13 November 1991 in Yokohama. Clustering analysis showed that Miao and Buyi cluter with the southern Han and Mongol, Man, Hui and Tibetan cluter around the northern Han, suggesting that the Chinese nation comprises northern and southern two major populations. Uygur cluters with a large group of Caucasoid samples from very far point. Frequencies of HLA alleles of Caucasoid origin (A3, B8 and others) decrease eastwards and southwards, and those of HLA alleles of Southeast Asia Mongoloid origin (B46 and others) decrease northwards. The gradient distribution of HLA allele frequencies suggests the unceasing migration and mutual amalgamation of our ancestors since the remote pre-historic times. From the fact that Chinese nation comprises northern and southern two major populations, this paper discussed the possible revelations of the origin of Chinese nation.