围垦滩涂不同生境冬季大型底栖动物群落结构

Structure of Macrobenthic Communities in Different Habitats at the Diked Tidal Flat in Winter

通过 2 0 0 4年 1月对杭州湾南岸慈溪围垦后滩涂湿地不同生境大型底栖动物的取样调查 ,研究了围垦滩涂湿地中的芦苇干地 (PCDS)、芦苇潮地 (PCMS)、芦苇水地 (PCIS)、互花米草干地 (SADS)、互花米草潮地 (SAMS)、互花米草水地 (SAIS)、混合植被干地 (ADS)、养殖水塘 (UP)、荒废水塘 (DP) 9类生境的底栖动物群落结构及其多样性特征 ,分析了影响围垦后滩涂底栖动物群落的主要因素。取样共获得 13种大型底栖动物 ,隶属 2门 3纲 7目 ,其中大部分为软体动物腹足类和节肢动物甲壳类 ,底表生活型和底内生活型占优势。 9类生境中的大型底栖动物群落的Shannon Wiener多样性指数 (H′)为SAMS >PCMS >SADS >PCDS =SAIS>PCIS >ADS >DP >UP ,Pielou均匀度指数 (J)为SAMS >PCMS >SADS >PCDS >ADS >SAIS >PCIS >DP >UP ,和Simpson优势度指数 (D)为PCMS >SAMS >SADS >PCDS >ADS >SAIS >PCIS >DP >UP。群落系统聚类显示 9类生境可聚为 4大类 ,分别是潮地类、干地类、水地类和水塘类。潮地、干地、水地和水塘中的物种数分别为 10、 6、 10、 5种 ,动物密度分别为 4 5、 4 0、 87、 2 4 0ind /m2 ,生物量分别为 2 3 6 7、 15 11、 14 81、8 2 3g/m2 ;H′、J、D的值均沿潮地→干地→水地→水塘方向递减。二维非度量多维标?

Based on the data collected from 9 types of habitat samplings on the macrobenthic community in the diked tidal flat at the south bank of Hangzhou Bay in Jan. 2004,the composition of species,diversity,and community structure were studied,and 9 types of habitats selected were Spartina alterniflora moist soil (SAMS),Phragmites communis moist soil (PCMS),S.alterniflora dry soil (SADS),P.communis dry soil (PCDS),S.alterniflora inundated soil (SAIS),P.communis inundated soil (PCIS),admixture dry soil (ADS),using pond (UP),and desolation pond (DP).From 9 types of habitats,total 13 species were collected,which are belonged to 7 order,3 classes,2 phylums and dominated by the living types of surface and surface below,and most of them are the arthropod and crustacea.Shannon-Wiener indexes (H′) of the macrobenthic communities are followed SAMS>PCMS>SADS>PCDS=SAIS>PCIS>ADS>DP>UP,Pielou indexes (J) are SAMS>PCMS>SADS>PCDS>ADS>SAIS>PCIS>DP>UP,and Simpson indexes (D) are PCMS>SAMS>SADS>PCDS>ADS>SAIS>PCIS>DP>UP.Base on the data of four times extracting from the density of macrobenthic communities,using the hierarchical cluster of between-groups linkage method,9 types of habitats are classed 4 groups,i.e.the moist soil,dry soil,water soil and pond groups.The numbers of species of the moist soil,dry soil,water soil and pond are 10,6,10 and 5,the average densities are 45,40,87 and 240 ind./m 2,and the biomasses are 23.67,15.11,14.81 and 8.23 g/m 2,respectively;H′,J and D tend towards moist soil>dry soil>water soil>pond.Using the Non-matric Multi-dimensional Scaling method,9 macrobenthic communities are displayed in the 2-dimensional ordinal configuration,and the dimension 1 implies being concern to the hydrology,the dimension 2 to the complexity of habitats.Also the analysis suggests that the macrobenthic community at the diked tidal flat may be affected by the complex power of hydrology condition,characteristics of sediment,succession of vegetation and relation among the species.