名动转用的语义基础

Semantic Motivation of N-V Shift

本文提出，名词之所以可以转用作动词（名动转用），在语义上说，是因为名词的语义内容含有表动作的语义成份；同样，动词的语义内容也含有表事物的语义成份。本文将名词、动词分别含有表动作、表事物的语义成份这一假说称为“名动互含”假说。本文分析了名词里所含的某一表动作的语义成份是如何在一定的语境作用下成为名动转用的语义基础的，并讨论了影响转用可能性大小的有关语义因素。作为结束语，本文最后还讨论了“名动互含”假说可能有的理论蕴涵。

The process of the conversion from a noun to a verb is called in this paper the N-V shift. This paper first attempts a hypothesis to the effect that the semantic content of a noun entails some semantic components denoting actions and that of a verb also entails some semantic components denoting things (the Hypothesis of Mutual Inclusion of Semantic Contents of Noun and Verb), and argues that the Hypothesis can be employed to account for the semantic motivation of the shift. The paper further discusses how this kind of semantic component denoting action behaves as the semantic motivation in the process of the shift, thus leading to the realization of the shift. Finally the paper probes the possible theoretical implications of the Hypothesis.