毛泽东与文化的社会主义转变

Mao Zedong and the Socialist Transition of the Culture

在新中国成立初期,新民主主义文化向社会主义文化转变体现为五个改造步骤。其实际效果是,在对五四以来的保守主义、自由主义和激进的小资产阶级三种文化思潮的清算中,促成新的文化整合,实现了以马克思主义为主导的国家意识形态的建构。但是,就像在经济改造中过于追求一个“公”字一样,文化改造过于追求一个“纯”字,使社会主义文化建设丢失了不少必要的文化资源,并严重影响到对知识分子在文化建设中的突出作用作出充分的估计。

In the early period of the PRC, Mao was discontented about the drop between the cultural situation and the social progress. He initiated transforming the old culture to accomplish the socialist cultural transition. In the early part of the 1950s, the transform was carried on step by step from five respects, by which the conservatism, liberalism and radical petty bourgeoisie were exposed and criticized and Marxism was fostered as the guiding ideology of the cultural sphere. But owing to concentrating on the socialist culture alone, the cultural transformation got rid of many essential cultural resources.