制约夺事成分句位实现的语义因素

The semantic constraints on the syntactic mapping of the "deprived" constituent

"索取"义双及物语义式的夺事成分可以实现两种句法位置:一种是在动词前充当状语;一种是在动词后充当间接宾语。二者存在着一种变换关系,但并不完全对称。从句式语法出发,句法成分不可能在不发生价值变化的前提下完成移动,夺事的受动性、施动者的控制力以及动词的及物性特性的概率或统计上的具备状况决定着夺事成分的句位实现。文章最后以历史的文献和共时的方言为依据推演出汉语"动词+间接宾语+直接宾语"构造的原始句式语义似为"强制的索取性转移"。

There are two syntactic positions for deprived constituents in taking-type ditransitive pat- terns: as adverbial before the verb or as indirect object after the verb. The paper discusses the se- mantic factors affecting the mapping: affectedness of the deprived constituent, volitionality of the agent and transitivity of the verb. In the end, by investigating diachronic and cross-dialectal data, the paper proposes that the primary construction meaning of 'verb + indirect object + direct ob- ject' is 'a transfer by taking forcibly'.