湖南主栽水稻品种（组合）碾米品质及其稳定性分析

A STUDY ON MILLING QUALITY CHARACTERISTICS ANDTHEIR STABILITY IN RICE VARIETIES MAINLY CUL TIVATED IN HUNAN PROVINCE

对湖南省２２个不同米质水平的主要栽培品种（组合）以及优良品系进行了多点试验和碾米品质分析．方差分析表明，糙米率、精米率和整米率的基因型均方、环境（地点）均方及互作均方均达极显著水平，以基因型作用最大，但整米率同时受环境的明显影响。碾米品质各性状以整米率在品种间的差异最大，稳定性最差．供试材料以粳稻和常规晚籼最好，早籼最差，籼杂组合整米率最低．优质品种在总体上没有碾米品质优势，其中细长粒型材料较差，湘早籼５号和湘早糯１号是整米率表现最不稳定的品种，但８１－５４８，湘晚籼１号，圭巴抗等优质品种的碾米品质较优．供试地点以湘西南表现最好，湘北糙米率最低，湘南则整米率最低．以品种与地点互作的方差估值ｉ＾σ２ｇｅ和Ｅｂｅｒｈａｒｔ－Ｒｕｓｓｅｌｌ法评定的品种稳定性秩序基本一致，认为碾米品质受米粒形状（长／宽比）的影响大于受垩白的影响，提高整米率及其稳定性是湖南省水稻品种特别是细长粒型品种碾米品质改良的主攻方向．

main varieties(hybrid combinations or lines) of paddy rice in Hunan of dif-ferent quality levels were cultivated at 5 locations in 1988 and their milling quality characte-ristics were determined.The variance analysis showed that genotypes, environments,andtheir interaction contributed to significant variation in each quality, but the effect of geno-type was most important. Results also showed that the whole-grain rate,which had thelargest difference and the worst stability among tested materials,was also greatly affected bythe plant location. Japanica rice and late Indica rice were the best and early Indica rice wasthe worst in milling. In general the good-quality rice was no better than bad-and middle-quality materials in milling value and stability,especially for those long-and-thin grain vari-eties such as Xiangzhaoxian 5 and Xiangzhaoluo 1. But some good- quality ones,such as 81-548,Xiangwanxian 1 and Guibarkang,had better milling quality. Higher milling values wereobtained in HuaiHua and the lowest whole- grain rate in Chenzhou. The stability order oftested materls was almost the same whether determined by means of the estimate variancevalue(i^σ2ge)of G×E interaction or by means of the Eberhart- Russell method.It was con-sidered that the main aim for the improvement of milling quality in different varieties of ricein Hunan should be to raise the values and the stability of whole-grain rate,especially forlong-and-thin varieties.