淮南煤矿进行“三下”采煤的技术对策

TECHNICAL COUNTER MEASURES FOR COAL MINING UNDER BUILDINGS,WATER-BODIES AND RAILWAYS IN HUAINAN COAL MINES

淮南煤矿“三下”（建筑物下、水体下、铁路下）压煤量占矿区总可采储量的７０％以上，“三下”采出量占全局总产量的６０％以上。本文根据矿区多年“三下”采煤的理论研究和开采试验，对矿区开采沉陷的预计，划分了不同地质采矿条件区域和相应的数学计算模型；介绍了矿区四个井筒和工业场地煤柱开采的实例以及所采取的技术对策；介绍了在淮河及其堤坝下采煤的防水安全煤柱的留设方法和开采裂缝的性质及其发育深度的数学计算公式，及在国家铁路支线下采煤的开采损害以及消除线路开采损害的技术对策。

The coal reserves overlain by buildings, water bodies and railways accounts for more than 70% of the total workable reserves of the mine area and the coal from under these three structures accounts for more than 60% of the total production of the whole bureau. Based on theoretical research and mining experiences for coal mining under these structures for many years,this paper divides the mine area into several regions with different geological and mining conditions and sets upcorresponding mathematical models for computation so as to predict the mining subsidence. The paper also introduces some examples of mining the coal pillars for four shafts and mine compounds, and the adopted technical countermeasures. As for coal mining under the Huai River and its dykes, the paper describes the methods for reservation of safety coal pillars against water inrush, the nature of mining cracks and the mathematical equations for calculation of their depth. As for mining under branch lines of national railways,the paper deals with the mining damage upon railway lines and the technical counter-measures to eliminate this damage.