双性小麦─—需要开拓的小麦第三基因库─—兼谈温光型核不育小麦的利用

Double Nature Wheat──Developing the Third Gene Pool in Wheat and the Discussion on Utilization of Nuclear Malesterile Wheat of Temperature Photophase Genotype

双性小麦类群是生长发育特点与冬小麦和春小麦都不相同的小麦第三基因库。由于这一类群小麦具有较高的抗寒性，秋播可以和冬小麦一样安全越冬，不同的是开花结实不需要经过春化；春播像春小麦一样正常抽穗结实，具有很好的播种期适应性。如果将温光型核不育小麦的育性转换机制转育到双性小麦上，同一品种既可秋播也可春播，使雄性细胞的减数分裂期和开花期有较大的温光环境差异，为实现其雄性不育或可育的转换提供了很好的条件，从而使杂种小麦的两系制种能够在更广阔的地区和更多的小麦品种类型上广泛应用。

As a third gene pool of wheat, double nature wheat is that the growth and development characters are neither spring wheat nor winter wheat. Owing to the higher cold resistance, autumn sowing may live through the winter like winter wheat, but do not need vernalization, and spring sowing can normally flower and fruit. After the mechanism of nuclear male-sterile wheat of temperature photophase genotype is transformed into double nature wheat, same variety may sow both in spring and autumn. Under different temperature and light condition, it makes that the male meiosis time and flowering period bring about the transforming of malesterility of maleferility, and promote the extensive use of the seed production of hybrid wheat in production.