尊天立教 兼爱世人——论墨翟的宗教理念

On Mo Di's Religious Concept

墨子是中国思想史上惟一把"爱"与"义"的人道精神建立在宗教信仰基础上的思想家。尊天立教、兼爱世人是墨子学说的灵魂。墨子理解意识中那个具有正义属性并平等地兼爱世人的神明,被设定为至高无上的权威,由此,社会正义原则和人与人平等互爱的原则成为墨氏宗教的基本信条。墨氏试图以此引导人类在纷争中寻求和解。在中国文化圈内,墨子的宗教理念对儒学中讲尊卑、亲疏的等差之爱是一种成功的反拨,对王权至上的政治理念也构成了挑战。在与世界文化的对话中,墨子的宗教观可与基督教文化相沟通。

Mo Di is the only thinker in China who placed his humanistic idea of 'love' and 'justice' on his religious beliefs. The core of his doctrine is the worship of the natural law and the love of the common people. Mo Di regarded the God who practiced justice and equality as the supreme authority. Thus, the principle of social justice and the equality and mutual love between all human beings are his basic religious beliefs. Mo Di hoped his doctrine would lead to reconciliation among people who dispute. In Chinese culture, Mo Di's religious concept is a successful refutation of the Confucian concept revealed in the contrast of nobility and humbleness and of intimacy and separation, and a challenge to the political concept of the supreme royalty. From the perspective of world culture, Mo Di's religious beliefs show similarities to Christianity.