试论纳兰边塞词的时代个性

The Zeitgeist of Nalan Xingde's ci in the Frontier

纳兰性德在中国词史上是个特异的存在。他那与其出身、身份、教养等极不相称的词作风格,引起人们多方的分析与揣测。笔者试图以边塞词作为切入点,探求他这种不相称的由来和表现。纳兰边塞词这种抑郁感伤的情绪与他所处的时代是分不开的。清朝不同于唐王朝和宋王朝,社会上弥漫的晚明遗民情绪与满族旗人特有的感伤情绪相交织,在满汉思想文化冲突的大背景下,构成那个时代特有的悲情色调,体现于纳兰的词作中,形成挥之不去的凄迷与逃避的情调。

Nalan Xingde is a distinctive personage in the history of Chinese ci .His style in ci is terribly incommensurate with his family background, social status, and upbringing, which has arrested people's multi-faceted analyses and conjectures. Hereby, the author of the works attempts to depart from his ci of describing frontier life, exploring the source and manifestation of his such paradox.The depressed and sentimental moods pervading throughout Nalan's ci were inseparable from the era when he lived. In the Qing dynasty, which was different from the Tang and Song dynasties, diffuse residual feelings proper to the late Ming dynasty and sentimental moods proper to Manchu intermingled, in the broad setting in which Manchu and Han cultures clashed, to paint the era with the hue of pathos, which tinted Nalan's ci with lingering bleakness, perplexedness, and evasiveness.