硼中毒对固始鸡生长性能及胸腺发育的影响

Effect of boron toxicity on thymus development of Gushi chicken

120只 1日龄固始鸡随机分为 2组, 试验组在饮水中添加 400mg·L-1硼。每周每组取鸡 10只, 颈静脉放血致死,取胸腺, 称重, 制作石蜡切片, 光镜观察。实验结果表明: (1 ) 试验组胸腺重及胸腺 /体重比显著低于同周龄对照组(P<0 05), 3、5、6周龄胸腺重及 1、2、3、5周龄胸腺 /体重比极显著低于对照组 (P<0 01); (2) 试验组 1、2周龄鸡胸腺明显萎缩, 间质显著增多, 实质急剧退化, 胸腺细胞急剧减少或空竭, 胸腺小体增多、增大; (3) 3周龄起, 试验组大多鸡胸腺发育呈恢复状态, 6周龄, 胸腺组织结构基本恢复。以上结果提示, 添加 400mg·L-1硼的饮水对固始鸡的生长与胸腺的发育, 尤其是胸腺早期发育, 有明显抑制和毒性作用。

A total of 120 one day-old Gushi chickens were randomly divided into two groups,and watered with 400 mg·L -1 boron for experiment group.Ten chickens in each group were slaughtered at each weekend.Thymuses were obtained,weighted,made into paraffin section and observed with microscope.The results were as follows:(1)Compared with control group,thymus weight(TW)and ratio of thymus weight to body weight(TW/BW)of experiment group decreased significantly(P<0.05).TW and TW/BW exhibited significant decrease (P<0.01)at 3,5,6 week-age and 1,2,3,5week-age,respectively.(2)In experiment group,the thymuses of 1,2 week-age atrophyed obviously,the interstitial substance of thymus increased evidently,the parenchyma of thymus degenerated distinctly,the thymocytes decreased or destituted sharply,but the thymic corpuscle increased and expanded.(3)The thymus development of most chickens in experiment group began to recover at 3 week-age,and the tissue structure of thymus renewed by the end of 6 week-age.The results showed that the drinking water supplemented with 400 mg·L -1 boron exhibited obvious effect of inhibition and toxicity on the growth and the thymus development,especially on the early development of thymus.