昆明市引种的园林树木适应性研究

Study on Adaptability of Garden Species Introduced to Kunming

依据对昆明市现有园林树木 (包括外地园林树木和本地野生树种引种的种类 ) 的生物学、生态学习性以及生活力表现等的调查资料, 对其引种园林树种的适应性作出了初步评价。昆明市栽培的园林树木计有 84科240属 623种 (包括变种、变型及品种)。其中 531种适应或基本适应昆明的园林环境条件, 占总数的 85 %。在原产于北热带的树种中, 适应或基本适应的占 36 %, 不适应的占 64 %, 其中濒死或死亡的占 30 %; 原产南亚热带的树种, 适应或基本适应的占 70 %, 不适应的占 30 %; 原产亚热带和暖温带的树种均能适应或基本适应昆明的园林环境条件; 在原产温带的树种中, 适应或基本适应的占 88 %, 不适应的占 12 %。昆明野生树种适应性较好, 而原产高海拔地区的树种适应性较差。在原产国外的树种中, 引自北美洲西南部、中美洲高原、澳洲东南部、日本、欧洲地中海沿岸、印度、缅甸的树种适应性较好; 而引自非洲、美洲、澳洲、东南亚、南亚热带地区的树种适应性差。

According to the investigation data on the biological characteristics, ecological characteristics, and vigor performance of garden trees planted in Kunming, which included the introduced species and native wild species, the adaptability of the garden tree species in Kunming were preliminarily evaluated. Accounted the varieties and forms, there are totally 623 species of garden tree planted in Kunming, which belongs to 84 families and 240 genera. 85 % of the planted garden tree species, namely 531 species adapt to or basically adapt to the environment of Kunming. Among the tree species native to north tropics, the percentage of adapt or basically adapt is 36 %, 64 % of the species can not adapt to the environment of Kunming, and 30 % of them die or almost die. 70 % of the species native to south subtropics can adapt to the environment of Kunming, and 30 % of them cannot adapt. The investigation results generally showed that the tree species native to subtropics or warm-temperate could adapt to or basically adapt to the environment of Kunming, 88 % of the introduced species native to temperate can adapt to the environment of Kunming. The adaptive ability of wild species in Kunming is promising, and that of the species from high altitude areas is undesirable. The adaptive ability of the species from southwest America, the plateau of Central America, southeast Australia, Japan, mediterranean sea, India and Myanmar are promising, whereas the species from tropical areas of Africa, America, Australia, Southeast Asia and South Asia can not adapt to the environment of Kunming.