约瑟夫·奈的“软权力”思想分析

An Analysis of Joseph Nye's “Soft Power” Concept

约瑟夫·奈最早明确地提出并论述了“软权力”思想,他所说的软权力主要包括文化吸引力、意识形态或政治价值观念感召力及塑造国际规则和决定政治议题的能力。奈的软权力思想提供了一种分析国家在国际舞台上的权力地位之重要思路,它引导人们关注那些抽象和非物质性的权力因素,有助于人们克服那种过于依赖物质性权力来界定国家权力的物质主义和简单化的倾向。软权力思想既有创新意义,在一定程度上也是对传统权力思想的继承,因为传统权力思想既重视具体和物质性权力因素,也关注抽象和非物质性权力因素。奈把权力简单地一分为二,使其软权力思想不可避免地具有局限性,因为他无法阐述清楚软、硬权力之间的相互关系,软权力的大小也难以被测定和衡量。

Joseph Nye first developed the concept of “soft power” in the early 1990s. The soft power of a country rests primarily on three resources: its culture, its ideology or political values, and its ability to shape international rules and political agendas. It is a very important theoretical approach to analyzing the power position of a country in the world, by focusing on the nonmaterial aspect of power once neglected by many people. “Soft power” is a creative concept coined by Nye, but it also reflects a continuation of the traditional concept of power. Nyes concept of “soft power” has its own weaknesses, because Nye could not fully elaborate on the interplay of hard power and soft power, and it is difficult to measure the soft power in a quantitative way.