我国天然林保护工程对区域经济与生态效益的影响——以四川省峨边县和盐边县为例

A case study on ecological and socioeconomic benefit evaluation of Sichuan Provincial Natural Forest Protective Project

通过抽样技术和实地调研 ,获得样本点 10 a的资源环境与社会经济方面的数据资料 ,从长时间尺度上对四川省峨边县和盐边县天然林保护工程的生态、社会与经济影响进行评价 ,并对经济成本与生态效益进行比较博弈分析。结果表明 ,天然林保护工程带来了显著的生态、社会与经济影响 ,给各利益主体带来了不同的代价与收益。当生态环境改善到一定程度以后 ,获得经济与生态的双赢是可行的。对于各利益主体承担的经济代价与获得的收益之间的不平衡 ,可以采取相应的政策措施进行补偿 。

Through sample technique and survey, ecological and socioeconomic data of ten years of the case site were obtained. Based on these data, effect of Natural Forest Protective Project (NFPP) on the ecological and socioeconomic benefits was evaluated. The results showed that NFPP had great effect on the ecological and socioeconomic benefit of the case site, and the stakeholders shared the costs different from the benefits they have shared. Ecological l benefits had increased from 4594.36 ten thousand Yuan in 1998 to 36746.91 ten thousand Yuan in 2001 in the sites, but the amount of employment had decreased 1852 people in Chuannan Forest Bureau, and incomes of farmers and local financial revenues had all decreased significantly in the study periods. Analysis of the trade-off between environmental benefit and socioeconomic cost was revealed that it is worthy to obtain the ecological benefit at the cost of the socioeconomic benefit, and it is also possible to achieve a win-win effect and Pareto improvement on ecology, economy and society. The imbalances of the income and cost of different stakeholders should be compensated through the forest environmental compensation and finance transfer policies. In accordance with the study results, financial transfer, forest ecological compensation, balance share of NFPP's costs and benefits and corresponding policies were presented in the paper.