城市单位职工获取住房利益手段差异的社会转型意义

The significations of social transition to employees' obtaining housing interests in urban China

住房改革前后,中国城市单位不同阶层的职工在获取住房利益的手段上存在较大差异,这种差异显示出较强的社会转型意义:住房改革以前,城市单位职工主要运用"单位内"手段获得住房。一般单位职工使用的手段主要包括:增加家庭人口数目、关注单位"空房"信息、积极提出要求、花样各异的"哭诉"等。而对于单位管理人员来说,修改住房分配条例则是常见的方法;住房改革以后,职工在使用"单位内"手段的同时,要积极运用"单位外"手段才能获取更多的住房利益。而单位管理人员则不需要借助"单位外"手段就可以获得较多住房利益。职工获取住房利益手段的变更在某种程度上暗示着社会转型的程度。

Employees in cities of China acquired houses by means of working-unit-supplying before Housing Reforming. The methods used by ordinary employees included: increasing the persons of a family, noticing the information about vacant rooms, putting forward their appeals actively, developing many kinds of 'telling bitterness', etc. But the ones mainly exercised by the managers included the rework of ordinances to Housing Distributing. During Housing Reforming, employees managed non-working-unit-supplying-ineans to obtain more houses on the bases of the methods existing before, which is getting more income from outer working units. The results of Housing Reforming benefited more of the elites from the working units.