西北地区建立节水型社会的对策研究

Countmeasures to Establishing Water-Saving Society in Northwest China

西北地区是我国水资源最为缺乏的地区之一,水资源短缺和利用不合理已成为该地区经济社会可持续发展的主要障碍。本文通过对西北地区水资源及其利用现状的分析和评价,提出实现该地区水资源可持续利用的关键是建立节水型社会,而建立节水型社会的重点在于建立、健全水资源的行政管理体制、市场运行机制和法制体系;建立科学合理的用水指标体系;大力调整农业产业结构,逐步形成节水型农业种植体系;大力调整工业产业结构,逐步建立节水型的工业体系。

The northwest region in China is considered to be one of the worst regions in shortage of water resources. The shortage and irrational exploitation of water resources have become a major factor for limiting sustainable development of the region's economy and society. Based on analysis and evaluation of the present situation of water resources and its utilization in northwest China, this paper suggests that establishing water-saving society is the key to achieving sustainable utilization of water resources in the region. The key strategies for promoting the establishment of water-saving society are to (1) establish and perfect administrative system, market-oriented system and legal system for water resource management; (2) set up target system for scientific utilization of water resource; (3) adjust agricultural structure to form a water-saving agricultural system; and (4) adjust industrial structure to establish a water-saving industry system.