艰难的言说——汉语口语教学百年历程述评

Hard SpeechComments on the One-Hundred-Year Course of Spoken-Chinese Teaching

作为现代语文教学的重要构成部分，口语教学的遭际从某种程度上来说也就是语文教学乃至整个中国教育遭际的真实而生动的缩影。20世纪上半叶，汉语口语教学的发展经历了孕育期、定型期和低潮期，几经起伏跌宕，形成了语文教学领域特有的生态环境，积累了一定的课程、文化资源，为后世的口语教学提供了借鉴。20世纪下半叶的口语教学是20世纪上半叶口语教学的延续和发展。经过探索期、回归期和重构期的艰难言说，口语教学终于在21世纪来临之际赢得了自己在语文学科中的独立地位——口语交际，这是对传统听说教学的深化和超越，是现代语文教育走向成熟的标志。

As an important integral part of modern Chinese teaching, the development of spoken-Chinese teaching seems to be a real and vivid miniature of Chinese teaching, even the whole Chinese education. In the first half of the 20th century , the development of spoken-Chinese teaching underwent gestation period, shape formation period and low tide period. After a few ups and downs finally it formed a unique biological environment in the field of Chinese teaching, with accumulating some curriculum and cultural resources and providing lessons for the later spoken-Chinese teaching. The spoken-Chinese teaching in the later half of 20th century is the continuation and development of the early half of 20th century. After having experienced exploration period , regression period and reconstruction period, spoken-Chinese teaching has finally achieved whole specific position in the subject of Chinese at the coming of 21st century, that is oral communication, which is the deepening and surpassing of traditional listening and speaking teaching, and is the symbol of the maturation of Chinese education.