居室中主要挥发性有机物污染状况及其防制对策

Investigation into the condition of pollution of volatile organic substance inside the dwellings and control measures

目的 了解装饰竣工后不同时期居室空气中主要挥发性有机物的污染状况及其浓度变化情况,为制订相应的防制对策提供依据。方法 选择装饰竣工后不同时期的居室,分别测定室内空气中甲醛、苯、甲苯、二甲苯的浓度,同时对居留者的不良反应进行调查。 结果 苯系物的浓度在装饰后30d以内最高,以后逐渐降低。甲苯、二甲苯平均浓度严重超标,分别超出我国居住区大气中有害物质最高容许浓度的10 5倍、7 6倍,苯浓度超标相对较少。而甲醛在装饰后1年以内的浓度最高,均值为 0 171mg/m3,装饰后 1 年以上的甲醛平均浓度仍显著地高于对照组(P<0 05)。装饰竣工时间越短,皮肤和上呼吸道刺激的发生越高,但眼部刺激症状的最高发生率却出现在装饰后 1 年以内,1年以上的发生率仍显著地高于对照组。 结论 居室装饰能造成室内严重挥发性有机物污染,对人体健康危害较大。

Objective To understand status of indoor air pollution different kinds of VOCs released after indoor decoration. Methods The levels of formaldehyde, benzene, toluene and dimethylbenzene indoors at different time after decoration were determined with methods described in GB11737 and the dwellers’ adverse reaction with a given questionnaire was surveyed. Results Levels of Benzene, toluene and dimethylbenzene was highest in the first 30 days after decoration. Eoluene and dimethy lbenzene are above the level prescribed by GB11737 significantly, and benzene exteed slightly. While formaldehyde lever reaches its utmost during the year after decoration, with the mean value of 0.171mg/m3. Furthermore, its level seems to high than that of the control(p<0.05). The incidence of adverse reaction of skin or upper respiratory tract irritation tend to be reduced with the time fly by in the first year after decoration, however, eye irritation is reported all along, even a year later after decoration(p<0.05). Conclusion Different kinds of VOCs are released after decoration and do a lot of harm to the dwellers, such as skin, eyes and upper respiratory tract irritations.