近年我国乡村景观研究进展

Progress of Rural Landscape Research in China

我国乡村景观研究始于20世纪80年代,是一个比较新的研究领域,关于乡村景观尚没有统一的定义。该文从农业景观、乡村文化景观、乡村景观评价和乡村景观规划4方面对近年来我国乡村景观研究的主要内容进行回顾,并在评价这一时期工作的基础上,对今后的研究进行展望。

Rural landscape research in China,which profited from the development of landscape ecology,begun in the middle and late of 1980s.Until now,there is not generally accepted definition of rural landscape,and then for many scholars it remains the new field.However,the fast rural development has changed our former rurality.So it is very important for China,a great agricultural country,to pay more attention to rural landscape research.Now,progress of rural landscape research in China recently mainly include four aspects: 1) Agricultural landscape research.In the initially time,scholars riveted their eyes upon the structure of agricultural landscape,now they found its processes and evolvement are more important.In addition,some special regions where ecological system are brittle,or land using are excess,or environment are polluted and so on,are the focus of study.2) Rural culture landscape research.Some scholars made a preliminary discussion on the types and character of rural culture landscape.Actually,rural settlements are the core of rural culture.Before 1990,the position,formation,function,distribution,evolvement,and planning of rural settlement attracted scholars attention.In the following time,further research of rural settlement took on structure,character,diffusion,law of distribution etc.3) Rural landscape assessment research.At present,scholars' work in this field directed on ecological quality,scenery resources,and the whole rural landscape.At the same time,they propounded the relative complete evaluating indicator system.Due to their research mainly on the theory,it is difficult to practice the assessment system.4) Rural landscape planning research.Presently,landscape planning in China is mainly applied on urban area,little in countryside.So current rural landscape planning research focus on the theory,especially on the basic principle and method. In summary,rural landscape research in China is on the initial stage though the progress is great.Henceforth,the theory study,multi-subjects cooperation,deepen and expand study field should be attached importance,and researcher number should be increased to improve our rural landscape research.