从第七届国际湿地会议看全球湿地研究热点及进展

The Perspectives and Highlights of Wetlands Research in the Worldwide Based on the 7th INTECOL International Wetlands Conference

通过介绍在荷兰乌得勒支市召开的第七届国际湿地会议的主要报告内容和信息 ,结合国外有关湿地研究的热点和进展 ,以及我国近年来有关的湿地研究工作 ,分析了湿地科学这一学科的基本理论和未来的发展动向和趋势 ,即立足于湿地的基本特征 ,及综合水文学、土壤学、生物地球化学、生态学、地理学等多学科的基础理论和应用技术 ,为湿地生态系统的可持续发展和合理利用提供正确的方向和决策。

Knowledge and information related to papers discussed in the 7th INTECOL International Wetlands Conference hosted in Utrecht, the Netherlands, 2004 were summarized in the paper. The highlights and perspectives of future research of the wetlands science were analyzed based on the hot points in the broad and how. The conference dealt with a wide range of topics related to Wetland Science and aims at addressing scientific questions from different views by using knowledge from various scientific disciplines, i.e., ecology, hydrology, soil science, microbiology, genomics, socio economics. Nine themes were comprehensively and systematically discussed in the conference: ① the role of wetlands in integrated water resources management; ② wetland science for environmental management; ③ biogeochemical functioning of wetlands; ④ function of plants in the wetland environment; ⑤ conservation and management of wetlands; ⑥ wetlands restoration and creation; ⑦ wetlands and climate change in the worldwide; ⑧ wetlands for water quality improvement; ⑨ function and wise use of tropical wetlands. Wetlands research needs a synthetical knowledge and an interdisciplinary cooperation, such as hydrology, soil sciences, biogeochemical science, ecology and geography, towards an appropriate, sustainable and health wetland ecosystem and wise use while acknowledging the paramount importance of wetlands for biodiversity, water storage, floodwater mitigation, water quality improvement, migrating birds, nursing grounds, food chain support and carbon storage. Preserving vulnerable and characteristic wetlands of international importance, such as the Pantanal, the Everglades, the Danube delta or the Wadden Sea and implementation of the ecosystem approach and precautionary principle were among the most critical issues that the participants at the 7th International INTECOL conference on Wetlands regarded important. Tidal freshwater wetlands constitute an important wetland type, which has been strongly disturbed by man made active and is threatened by further destruction in many parts of the world. These wetlands should be protected with high priority. Management objectives for restoring biodiversity should be considered at the regional scale, rather than setting objectives for small areas. Wetland ecosystem is a critical component of the hydrological cycle. They need to be considered and managed in the context of their catchment areas in order to maintain multiple services to benefit people and maintain biodiversity. Wise use, conservation and restoration of wetlands in the worldwide were discussed if the context of global climate change, human population pressure and expected economic developments. The principle of “wise use” should be the cornerstone of any land use planning in major wetland areas around the world. This principle implies that wetlands are not drained but rather developed in intact form, with a sustainable use of economically important ecosystem services such as fish and shellfish production, water quality improvement, floodwater detention, carbon storage, wood production and ecotourism.