小凉山彝族“虎日”民间戒毒行动和人类学的应用实践

Revelation of the “Tiger’s Day” Initiative in the Yi Ethnic Region of Xiaoliangshan

“虎日”模式在寻找传毒、吸毒的社会文化原因以及民间自救的有效方法的同时,以人类学的理论为项目切入点,以一种家族仪式为契机,调动和激活了凉山彝人来自家族组织、信仰仪式、伦理道德、习惯法和民俗教育等层面的文化资本诸要素,进一步激发出战胜人类生物成瘾性的坚强毅力,有效地提高地方人民的戒毒成功率,应对“世纪瘟疫”———艾滋病。

The “Tiger's Day” model, using anthropological theory as a tool, seeks to understand the socio-cultural origins of drug abuse and trafficking. Meanwhile, the model attempts to reactivate an ancient lineage rite to fight against the drug abuse among Yi people of Liangshan. By mobilizing and activating the lineage organization, religious rites, traditional moral principles, tribal laws, traditional education and other important elements in the cultural heritage of the Yi people, “Tiger's Day” has stimulated and fortified people's willpower to overcome biological addiction.This improves the rate of successful rehabilitation among local drug abusers and facilitates the battle against HIV/AIDS.