道德与中国传统政治的合法性

Moral and the Legitimacy of Traditional Politics of China

本文依据马克思·韦伯关于政治合法性的三种理想类型的划分 ,从两个方面解释了中国传统政治的合法性问题 :从政治哲学建构的角度看 ,中国传统政治是一种在伦理与道德之间确立其合法性根据的“德化的统治”的政治形态 ,主要表现为传统型统治 ;从政治运行状态看 ,中国传统政治则表现为将伦理榜样与政治权威合而为一的魅力型统治。循此分析 ,进一步论述了中国传统政治合法性类型的历史正当性和缺失 ,以及其与现代政治合法性的三个区别 ,指出从中国传统政治合法性的伦理道德建构转变为中国现代政治合法性的法理建构是一个必然的过程 ,处理好两者的关系对于这一过程则是不可忽视的。

The article, combining with Max Weber's three kinds of ideal types of political legitimacy, explains legitimacy of traditional politics of China from two sides: One, from the point of construction of political philosophy, traditional politics of China is a political form of rule by moral establishing its legitimacy basis on ethics and moral which becomes the representative of rule of tradition. The other, from the point of political operation state, it represents a rule of charisma which integrates ethical model with political authority. At last, to discuss history legitimacy and disadvantages legitimacy of traditional politics of China and its three differences with modern political legitimacy, the article points that ethics and moral construction of legitimacy of traditional politics turning to modern jurisprudence construction is necessary and dealing with both sides' relations also cannot be ignored.