司法解释权:理论逻辑与制度建构

Judicial Interpretational Power: Theoretical Logic and Systematic Construction

法官在司法过程中,应当按照一定的原则创造性地解释和适用法律,这是现代法学理论在法律解释问题上的主导观念。目前,越来越多的国家在立法上赋予法院或法官解释法律的权力。司法解释构成了司法过程中的一项基本作业。作为特定制度结构下的集体智慧化的产物,司法解释权由最高司法机关统一行使具有正当性和现实合理性。建国后沿袭下来的我国司法解释权制度存在着一系列明显的缺憾。处于传统向现代转型的当代中国,正日益面临着发展和创新司法解释权制度的历史重任。重构我国司法解释权制度的总体思路是:在正确界定不同审级法院职能分工的基础上,促进最高人民法院功能由司法审判向法律统一适用转变;按照法治社会的基本要求,树立司法解释在法律适用上的应有权威;从法律解释的内在规律出发,建立科学合理的司法解释规则体系。

It is a dominant concept in modem jurisprudence that judges should interpret and apply laws following certain principles creatively in the judicial process. At present, more and more nations entrust the power of interpretation of law to courts or judges by legislation. Judicial interpretation becomes a fundamental work in the judicature. As the outcome of collective wisdom under special institution, the law interpretation power by the supreme court is reasonable. The present judicial interpretation system in our country has series of obvious faults. As contemporary China is undergoing a process from tradition to modernization, it is a historical moment to develop the judicial interpretation system. The follows may be taken as a general strategy to rebuild Chinese judicial interpretation institution: transfer the function of the supreme court from trial to unification of law while reasonably define the functions of different courts; build sufficient authority of judicial interpretation according to the fundamental demand of the modern rule of law; establish a reasonable system of judicial interpretation following its inherent regular pattern.