轻度富营养化水人工湿地处理系统中植物的特性

Characteristics of plants in constructed wetland treating light eutrophic water.

比较了杭州植物园人工湿地中7种植物的生长和营养吸收特性.种类包括美人蕉(Canna indica)、香蒲(Typha augustif olia)、芦苇(Phragmites australis)、紫露草(Tradescantia ref lexa)、斑茅(Saccharumarundinaceum)、黑麦草(L olium perenne)和灯芯草(Juncusef f usus) .这些植物生长在用于处理植物园观鱼池轻度营养化水的砂砾床复合垂直流人工湿地系统中. 2 0 0 2年7月中旬,各物种的平均总生物量为348～96 7g·m- 2 .斑茅显示了最高的地上生物量,为85 3g·m- 2 ,而黑麦草的地上生物量最小,只有12 7g·m- 2 .植物体中N和P的平均质量浓度分别在16 .4 3～35 .33mg·g- 1 和1.15～1.6 1mg·g- 1 .最大的植物氮磷积累量分别是2 7.0 2 g·m- 2和1.4 6 g·m- 2 .植物积累量与植物生物量之间显示了一个显著的正线性关系.同时,对这7种植物的生长特性以及在人工湿地中的营养吸收、积累和运用价值进行了分析和比较.其中,对于具有景观功能的植物,通过隔行、轮换收割可以既保持景观效果,又取出湿地中的N和P.

Characteristics of growth and nutrient absorption of the plant species in the constructed wetland were compared. The plant species includes Canna indica, Typha augustifolia, Phragmites australis, Tradescantia reflexa, Saccharum arundinaceum, Lolium perenne and Juncus effusus, which are grown in gravel-bed wetland fed with fishery low eutrophic water. In the middle of July 2002. The total biomass of plant species ranged between 348 to 967 g·m -2 . Of all species, Saccharum arundinaceum is the highest in aboveground biomass, and Lolium perenne is the lowest. The total tissue concentrations of nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) range from 16.43 to 35.33 and 1.15 to 1.61 mg·g -1 , respectively. The maximum accumulations of N and P are 27.02 g·m -2 and 1.46 g·m -2 , respectively. The plant nutrient accumulation is positively linearly correlated with plant biomass. In addition, the growth characteristics of these plant species and their nutrient uptake and application value were compared and discussed. For the plant species with landscape function, harvest in alternate lines or shifting harvest can remove nitrogen and phosphorus as well as remain landscape effect.