北宋“话”体诗学论辨

Poetic Criticism in the Form of "Hua" in the Northern Song Dynasty

“话”体诗学批评兴于北宋,其传统有二:一是诗学批评传统,二是诗学叙事传统。前者表现为以诗人诗作诗艺为具体批评案例的诗学批评、艺术探讨,这是构成“话”体诗学的评论性因素,诗话著作因此而在后世目录学中被归于“诗文评”类;后者表现为讲述诗人诗作的故事或考征典实,这是构成“话”体诗学的史实因素,诗话因此而始终“体兼说部”。该文首先考察诗话与多种文体的渊源关系,其次考辨《唐宋分门名贤诗话》、《古今诗话》、《诗话总龟》,提出三书一体同源的看法,澄清了自宋人以来的一些误解,并比较其与《渔隐丛话》体制形态之异同。

rising in northern song dynasty, poetic criticism in the form of 'hua' has two origins: the poetic critic tradition and the poetic narrative tradition. the former refers to the poetic criticism and art exploration of a certain poet's poetic works and his poetic theory, which makes up the commentary element of poetic theory in the form of 'hua'. thus 'hua' is classified as the literary criticism in many ancient bibliographies. the latter refers to stories and anecdotes of poets and allusions of poems, which forms the historical element of poetic criticism in the form of 'hua'. therefore, 'hua' is regarded as the combination of both critic and narrative style. this paper investigates the relationship between poetic 'hua' and various styles, differentiates compilation of categorized 'hua' on poems of celebrities in tang and song dynasties, ancient and contemporary 'hua' on poems and collected works of 'hua' on poems and points out that the three books have the same origin.