教学活动理论的考察

Theory of Teaching Activities: Personal Observations

教学是师生之间沟通的社会实践活动。学校中学科教学的主要作用就在于以这种活动作为源泉,引发学生的文化性发展。学生的活动得以形成的基本理论——“活动理论”,采用了辩证唯物主义关于活动与意识动态联系的观点,综合了理解人类行为的多种学术领域,发展出超越“个体”与“环境”的二元论的“活动”概念。建构性教学的“活动理论”是实践“学习者共同体”的理论框架,可以为我国新型的课程体系与教学制度的确立,归根结底为学校的合作文化的重建,奠定坚实的基础。

Teaching is a kind of social practice activity connecting the teacher and students. In a school, the major role of disciplinary teaching is to arouse students' cultural development by taking this kind of activity as the source. The 'activity theory', which is based on students' activities, adopts Marxist dialectical materialist viewpoint on the dynamic links between activity and mentality, synthesizes different academic understanding of human beings' behaviors and develops a dual concept on 'activity' which exceeds 'individual' and 'environment'. The 'activity theory' on constructive teaching can serve as the theoretical framework to practise 'community of learners' and can lay a solid foundation for the establishment of a new-type curriculum system and teaching system and for the reconstruction of the cooperative culture at schools.