论中国自然保护区的面积上限

On the upper limit of the area of the strictly protected nature reserves in China

中国从195 6年开始建设自然保护区,其间经过了一个较长的停滞时期之后,到2 0 0 2年底,中国建立了15 5 1个自然保护区,面积达14 14 86 6 km2 ,占国土面积14 .7%。中国自然保护区面积占国土面积的比例已经在2 0 0 2年末超过世界先进水平,然而,目前中国自然保护区的数量仍在增长。由于目前中国的自然保护区是严格意义的保护区,于是,作者提出应区分严格保护的自然保护区与广义的自然保护地,发展一个由不同保护目的、不同保护程度、合理布局的自然保护区组成的综合自然保护区体系,结合经济发展水平建设自然保护区的思想。估算了现阶段自然保护区的基本建设投入与管护费用,探讨了建设和管理2 0 0 2年末中国自然保护区的资金需求。还提出研究中国自然保护区中人口、中国国土面积及分类和中国各种类型土地的适宜保护面积,探讨“在中国多大的国土面积可以建设为自然保护区?”这一命题,从保存生物物种、生物资源、主要生态系统、可持续利用方面研究中国自然保护地的面积上限。

China established its first nature reserve in 1956. After a long period of stagnancy in 1960s and 1970s, the number of nature reserves in China started to boom in 1980s. China had established 1 551 nature reserves by the end of 2002, the total area of those reserves was 1 414 866 km^2, which covered 14.7% of the land territory of China. All nature reserves in China are strictly protected area as defined in the Nature Reserve Management Regulation of the People's Republic of China. After comparing the ratio of the strictly protected reserve to the land area in different countries worldwide, I discovered that the ratio of strictly protected areas in China had surpassed the highest level in the world since 2002. However,the number of nature reserves is still growing in China. Therefore, I suggested to distinguishing the strictly protected nature reserves from protected areas, establishing a protected areas system which is composed of protected areas of different protection purposes. I calculated the lower, median and upper budgets for basic construction and management of all the nature reserves in China in 2002, and found the budgets would account for 0.72%, 5.93%, and 9.26% of the national budget. I also preliminarily studied human population, landscapes type of nature reserves to discuss suitable portion of strictly protected area in forests, grasslands, wetlands, desserts in China. Finally, I suggested we should set up an upper limit for total area of nature reserves according to the national economic development level and further explore the question “How large a territory size can be strictly protected in China?”, based on the needs of preservation of species, biological resource, major ecosystems and sustainable development.