城市河流生态系统健康评价初探

Preliminary study on assessment of urban river ecosystem health

健康的河流生态系统已经成为公认的河流管理目标,采用河流生态系统健康理论来研究城市河流问题,具有较强的理论与现实意义。在城市河流生态系统健康概念内涵剖析的基础上,提出了包含水量、水质、水生生物、物理结构与河岸带5大要素的指标体系及其"很健康、健康、亚健康、不健康、病态"5级评价标准,建立了模糊层次综合评价程序与模型。并以宁波市河流为例进行实证研究,明确各河流的健康状况及限制因子,为其保护、维育与修复提供了决策依据。

Healthy river ecosystem is acknowledged as the object of river management, thus the study on urban river issues in terms of river ecosystem health theory is of great significance in theory and practice. Based on the analysis of urban river ecosystem health concept and its connotation, the index system, including water quality, water quantity, aquatic life, physical form and riparian zone, together with the five-grade assessment standard described as very healthy, healthy, sub-healthy, unhealthy, sick, are established. The integrative fuzzy hierarchical assessment model is put forward to carry out the assessment. Furthermore, the above theory and method are applied to the case study of 4 urban rivers in Ningbo city to reveal their health grades and disadvantages, and provide decision-making base for their protection, maintenance and restoration.