江苏省江水北调对钉螺北移扩散影响的研究

Impact of project diverting Yangtze River water to Northern Jiangsu on transmission towards north of Oncomelania hupensis snails

目的评价江水北调工程对钉螺北移扩散的影响,为南水北调东线工程提供科学依据。方法应用流行病学、水文学及现场试验等方法,对江水北调工程运行情况、水文资料、血吸虫病和钉螺分布情况进行调查。结果江水北调受水区钉螺面积消长与水源区钉螺面积变化无相关性(r=0.550,P>0.05),与调水量亦无明显相关性(r汛期=-0.073,r枯水期=-0.266,r年调水=-0.174,P均>0.05);里运河宝应、高邮段钉螺孳生范围相对稳定;迄今为止北纬33°15′以北地区仍未在自然界发现钉螺。结论江水北调40多年来输水干线的钉螺无明显北移迹象,同时也未有证据表明调水工程造成钉螺及血吸虫病扩散。

Objective To evaluate the impact of the project diverting the Yangtze River water to the Northern Jiangsu on transmission towards the north of Oncomelania hupensis snails, in order to provide the scientific basis for the South-North Water Diversion Project (east route). Methods The running situation of the water diversion project, the data on hydrology of the waterway and the distribution of snails and schistosomiasis were investigated with the methods of epidemiology、hydrology and field test. Results There was no significant correlation between the region of waterhead and water supply on the change of snail areas. There was no significant correlation between the snail areas of the region of water supply and the volume of water diversion, either. The snail habitat was stable at the Gaoyou segment along the Grand Canal. The snail habitat in the natural place of the north of 33°15′ north latitude on the east route has not been discovered yet. Conclusion There is no sign of transmission towards north on the snail habitat at the Gaoyou segment along the Grand Canal since the project was constructed in 1961. There is no evidence that the project leads to the spread of snails and schistosomiasis, either.