湖北省儿童乙肝疫苗接种率及影响因素分析

Hepatitis B Vaccine Coverage Rate and Influential Factors among Children in Hubei Province

目的 了解湖北省儿童乙肝疫苗接种率及其影响因素。方法 采用分层多阶段随机抽样方法,对84 3名2 0 0 1年出生儿童进行了调查。结果 湖北省儿童乙肝疫苗全程接种率、合格接种率、及时接种率分别为83.2 7%、75 .6 8%、4 9.2 3%。城市、农村1层、农村2层、农村3层全程接种率分别为96 .19%、88.15 %、80 .0 9%、6 8.72 %。儿童未接种或未全程接种乙肝疫苗的主要原因是:(1)本地不提供此类接种服务、(2 )不知道要接种、(3)收费太贵。城市农村分层组群、家庭年收入、儿童出生地点、父母文化程度、儿童监护人乙肝防治知识水平、接种证/卡是否齐全、地形地貌、儿童胎次等9项因素对儿童乙肝疫苗全程接种率有极显著影响(P<0 .0 1) ;儿童民族对乙肝接种率有显著影响(P<0 .0 5 ) ;儿童性别和户口状况对乙肝接种率的影响差异不显著。乙肝疫苗平均接种收费为34.9元,其中贫困农村平均接种费用为37.4元。农村乙肝疫苗接种收费过高影响了农村地区。

Objective To evaluate hepatitis B(HB) vaccine coverage rate and its influential factors.Methods 843 children born in 2001 were investigated by stratified multistage random cluster sampling. Resuts The HB immunization coverage rate of 3 doses, eligible vaccination and timely vaccination rate of the first dose were 83.27%, 75.68%, 49.23% respectively. The HB immunization coverage rate of 3 doses in urban and rural areas of higher, medium and lower economic levels were 96.19%, 88.15%,80.09%, 68.72% respectively. The main reason for missing immunization were: HB vaccine not provided at the local immunization site,parents not knowing HB was recommended,and the vaccine charge was too expensive.This paper analyzed the factors affecting HB vaccination rate,and made suggestions to promote HB vaccination rate.