自本体与对本体:中西哲学的诠释学基础

Self-Ontology versus Counter-Ontology: The Hermeneutic Basis of Chinese and Western Philosophy

中西哲学的根本性差异是自本体思维与对本体思维的差异。所谓自本体的思维,是认为认知对象与认知主体无法分开,强调本体的自我呈现。而对本体思维则首先将存在视之为客观实有,然后去探究这客观实有的真实。自本体思维与对本体思维都是人的二重性存在的客观反映。对于对本体方式来说,它重视对人的工具理性式的生存状态的探究,而自本体则关心人作为价值理性的生存状态的探究。由于人的工具性层面与价值性层面不仅相互补充与依存,而且会相互涵摄,因此,未来哲学的发展,要求我们同时采取自本体思维与对本体思维的方式;而所谓中西哲学的融会与贯通,是指它们在各自保持自身的诠释学传统的基础上,同时理解与吸收对方的诠释学立场与传统。

The fundamental difference between Chinese and Western philosophy is that between self-ontological thinking and counter-ontological thinking. The former means that the cognitive object and the cognitive subject cannot be separated from each other, thus laying stress on the self presentation of the Self, while the latter indicates that Being is seen, first of all, as an objective existence, and then its objective truth is to be explored. Either self-ontological thinking or counter-ontological thinking is the objective reflection of man’s duality. The self-ontological approach focuses on the examination and study of man’s instrumental subsistence, and the counter-ontological one is concerned about the examination and study of the subsistence of man as the reason of value. Owing to the fact that man’s instrumental dimension and his value dimension are interrelated to, complementary with, and rely on, each other, the development of future philosophy requires that these two modes of thinking; and what is meant by the convergence of Chinese and Western philosophy refers to that either of them should learn from the hermeneutic stance and tradition of the other while keeping their respective traditional hermeneutic basis.