未成年人责任能力比较研究

Compared Research on the Liability Capacity of Juniors

未成年人责任能力作为侵权法的一项重要制度,不仅直接关系侵权法填补损害、阻吓与预防违法等功能的实现,更影响到对未成年人权益的保护。因历史文化及社会观念的差异,各国对此立法规定不一。本文通过对大陆、英美法相关规定的比较,分析了我国现行立法规定的不足,并指出:未来民法典应采行为能力+识别能力作为判断未成年人责任能力的一般标准,同时借鉴德国法等的作法规定作为例外与补充的未成年人公平责任;在认定未成年人过失时可借鉴“年龄组过错”的方法,并规定监护人应就自己疏于监督的过失与未成年人承担连带责任。

The liability capacity of juniors is very important in tort law, but there's a vide diversity of opinions and legislations on it in different country because of differential culture and social concept. After a compared research between civil law and common law in this chapter, it is pointed out that in our future civil code the general criteria of liability capacity of juniors must combine capacity of action and discernment, and supplement it with the equitable liability as a exceptional criteria. When judging the negligence of juniors, 'group negligence of age' is a feasible mean, at the same time stipulate that the custodian should be responsible for their own custody negligence as a joint liability with juniors.