我国西部山区农业生态环境现状与恢复对策

Present Situation and Restoration of Agriculture Ecological Environment in Western Mountain of China

中国西部山区幅员辽阔,自然条件复杂,区域差异显著,农业环境恶化,经济基础薄弱。由于长期人们对生态环境保护的认识不足,注重短期效益行为以及人地矛盾的尖锐化等原因,使得西部山区水土流失、自然灾害、环境污染及土地退化较为严重。特定的自然地理环境及社会经济条件,使得中国西部山区农业发展适宜走生态农业的道路,调整产业结构,落实水土保护和环境污染治理措施,才能恢复与重建一个有利于中国西部山区农业可持续发展的农业生态环境。

The western mountain region is an important area of eco-environmental protection and construction in China. It's the important ecological barrier for the Yangtze River and the major water supplying area to eastern region. However a series of ecological environment problems have emerged. The main problems of agricultural eco-environment including the decreasing of virgin forests, the weakening of ecological function, the desertification and soil erosion due to unreasonable resources exploitation and construction, the remaining of pesticides, fertilizers, plastic membranes, the pollution of municipal and industrial solid wastes, acid rain, manures of livestock, etc. It no only has brought about many-side harm to soil, land and water resources, but also has formed a serious threat to the ecological environment. The serious ecological environment problem has hindered the continuable social and economic development in the region. So, ecological agriculture is the outcome of the economic development and protection of the ecological environment in the western mountain region. This paper, on the basis of latest survey data, analyses the background, current situation and features of the eco-agriculture in this region.