中国濒危语言研究及保护策略

Endangered Languages in China:Research and Protecting Methods

中国语言种类丰富,处于濒危状态的语言也较多,可以分为濒危语言和濒绝语言两类。造成中国的语言濒危的因素有民族杂居、族际通婚、使用人口少等等。濒危语言在语言使用和语言结构上有其特点。中国的濒危语言对语言史、语言谱系分类以及民族历史文化都有其独特的研究价值。中国濒危语言研究的任务有研究语言衰变的特点和规律,探寻减缓语言濒危趋势的办法,积极抢救记录濒绝语言材料等等。中国濒危语言可通过实施以下策略进行保护:借鉴国外经验,立法保护,纳入政府和学术部门的工作范畴,政府拨款立项,对不同层级的濒危语言采取不同的应对策略,建立中国濒危语言网站、定期召开学术会议,建立濒危语言保护示范村社。

China is very rich in languages but some of them are endangered.Theoretically,we could divide them into two categories:endangered languages and critically endangered languages.There are many factors that could cause language be endangered,such as the living together of different ethnic groups,intermarriage and fewer speakers and so on.Endangered languages have their own features in language structure and the ways of language use.They also have their unique research value to language history,genealogical classification,ethnic history and culture.The objective of the study of endangered languages include the analyzing the character and rules of language attrition,searching for the ways for protecting endangered languages and recording endangered data,etc..Endangered languages in China could be protected by ways of drawing lessons from other countries and making laws for endangered language protection,taking this work into government's and academic institutions' work,setting special foundation for endangered language research and protection,using different methods for the research and protection of endangered languages,making websites and holding conferences on endangered language research and protection,setting protecting model communities of endangered language.