举重抓举和下蹲翻运动学比较与用力特征分析

Kinematical Comparison and Analysis between Snatch and Clean in Weightlifting

运用三维运动学的研究方法对参加2003年全国女子举重锦标赛的10名运动员的抓举和下蹲翻进行运动学分析并对力量的特点进行比较分析;运用逆向动力学方法对两种技术动作的主要关节的净力矩进行比较分析。结果表明,膝关节角度在提铃离地时刻有显著性的差异;对力量参数回归分析表明,运动员抓举杠铃重量的能力很大程度上取决于运动员所能够输出的最大功率,而运动员下蹲翻杠铃重量的能力很大程度上取决于运动员对杠铃的作用力的积累过程;对于抓举和下蹲翻动作髋关节净力矩分析表明,对于抓举,髋关节最大净力矩与对应此时刻的髋关节角度呈负相关,而对于下蹲翻,髋关节最大净力矩则与所试举的杠铃重量呈正相关。

Through using the methods of 3D motion analysis,this paper made comparison and analysis on kinematics and characteristics of snatch and clean of 10 weightlifters participating in National Woman Championship in 2003.Furthermore,by means of inverse dynamic,the net torque at major joints was calculated and analyzed.The result showed that there was significant difference for knee angles of both movements at the movement of barbell lifted off the ground.In snatch,the weight of barbell by lifter was mainly dependent on power output by lifters.In clean lifting,that was mainly dependent on impulse the lifters affected on barbell.For net torque of hip joint,it's maximal value was negatively correlated with hip angle at the moment of maximal net torque happened during snatch,for the clean lifting,it's maximal value was positively correlated with the weight of barbell lifted by lifters.