社会资本结构与中小企业创新——一项基于结构方程模型的实证研究

The Social Capital Structure,and the Innovation in Small and Medium-sized Enterprises

本文针对中小企业核心竞争力的关键问题——创新展开分析,根据我国中小企业的组织特征,在综合分析了国外有关企业创新理论的基础上,我们提出了中小企业基于社会资本的创新理论,在传统创新理论解释变量集中加入了企业规模,并区分了社会资本构成的两大因素:结构性社会资本和认知性社会资本;在问卷调查的基础上,通过探索性因素分析和结构方程建模(SEM),对我国中小企业技术创新影响因素进行了结构测量和机理分析,认为:(1)中小企业的创新结构和知识管理水平受到结构性、认知性社会资本和企业人力资本的综合影响;(2)中小企业认知性社会资本既直接地、又通过影响企业的结构化社会资本间接地影响了企业的技术创新水平,显示出社会资本对中小企业创新的影响存在明显的分层结构和不同路径。

In this paper, we have made an analysis of CREATION——the key problem of the kernel competitiv - eness of small and medium- sized enterprises (SME).According to the organizational characteristics of China's SME and on the basis of the comprehensive analysis of the theory about creation by domestic and foreign enterprises, we have advanced a new theory that SME are based on social capital, a theory in which we have added the factor of enterprise scale in the interpretation of variables concentration to the traditional innovation theory, and in which we have differentiated between two main factors: the structural social capital and the cognitive social capital. On the basis of questionnaire survey, by an explorative analysis of factors, and by the structural equation modeling, we have measured the structure of and analyzed the mechanization of factors affecting the technical innovation in China's SME. In our opinion, SME's innovation structure and the level of knowledge management are affected both by structural and cognitive social capital and by SME's human capital; the SME's cognitive social capital has a direct impact on and an indirect impact——through the impact on SME's structural social capital——on SME's technical innovation level, showing that there exist obvious layering structure and different channels in the impact of social capital on SME's innovation.