我国艾滋病实验室网络、检测技术及其质量保证体系进展

Progress of Testing Technology and Quality Assurance System in HIV Laboratories in China

艾滋病实验室检测在艾滋病防治工作中起着举足轻重的作用。我国艾滋病实验室网络及其质量保证体系已经建立并不断完善,截至2004年底全国共验收批准了3707个筛查实验室、53个确证实验室,已经开展的实验室检测能力验证包括血清学和免疫学检测,病毒学检测能力验证将于2005年启动。目前艾滋病实验室使用的常规检测技术包括HIV抗体检测、核酸检测和CD4细胞计数。正在研究和评价的新策略、新技术包括:确认试验替代策略、抗原检测、多亚型新感染酶联检测技术(BED-EIA)、滤纸干血片检测HIV抗体及核酸技术、集合RT-PCR方法等。这些研究工作紧跟国际步伐、符合中国国情。

HIV/AIDS laboratory testing is very important in the prevention and the treatment of AIDS. HIV/AIDS laboratory network and its quality assurance system has been built and will be more and more perfect in China. 3 707 screening laboratories and 53 confirming laboratories in the whole country had been authorized by the end of year 2004; proficiency testing in serology and immunology has been developed and in virology will start this year. Routine testing technology, which is being used in the laboratory network, includes HIV antibody testing, nucleic acid testing and CD4+ T cells counting. The new technologies and the new strategies in study and evaluation include the alternative strategy of confirming testing, antigen testing, BED-EIA assay, antibody testing and nucleic acid testing with dry blood paper, pooling RT-PCR, and etc..