中国居民2002年营养与健康状况调查

A description on the Chinese national nutrition and health survey in 2002

目的了解中国国民的营养与健康现状.方法调查目标总体为31个省、自治区、直辖市,采用多阶段分层整群随机抽样方法.调查于2002年开展,包括询问调查、医学体检、实验室检测和膳食调查4个部分.结果城市居民能量食物来源构成中,谷类食物仅占48.5%,脂肪供能比高达35.0%;农村居民膳食结构趋于合理(61.4%vs.27.5%).5岁以下儿童生长迟缓率为14.3%,低体重率为7.8%.3～12岁儿童维生素A缺乏率为9.3%.人群贫血患病率为15.2%.人群超重率为17.6%,肥胖率为5.6%.≥18岁人群高血压患病率为18.8%;糖尿病患病率2.6%;高胆固醇血症、高甘油三酯血症、低高密度脂蛋白胆固醇血症患病率依次为2.9%、11.9%、7.4%.高血压知晓率、治疗率、治疗者控制率分别为30.2%、24.7%、25.0%.中国人群的营养与健康状况存在较明显的城乡差异以及年龄别差异.结论中国人群的健康面临双重疾病负担.城乡个体营养与健康水平的差异加大了疾病预防控制工作的难度.

Objective To describe the status of nutrition and health related indices in the Chinese population. Methods A stratified multi-stage cluster sampling was used from 31 provinces,autonomous regions,and municipalities. The survey was done in 2002,including data gathered from questionnaires,interviews,physical examinations,measurement of biochemical indices,and dietary investigation. Results Cereals accounted for 48.5 % of all the sources of energy in urban and 61.4 % in rural populations. Daily mean percentages of calories for total fat were 35.0 % in urban and 27.5 % in rural areas. The prevalence rates of stunting and underweight were 14.3 % and 7.8 % respectively in young children under 5- year- old. The prevalence of vitamin A deficiency was 9.3 % in Chinese children aged 3-12 years old. The total prevalence of anemia was 15.2 % in general population of all ages. The prevalence of anemia in young adults was significantly higher in women than in men. The total prevalence rates of overweight and obesity were 17.6 % and 5.6 %,respectively. The prevalence rates of hypertension,diabetes,hypercholesteremia,hypertriglyceridemia,or low serum high density lipoprotein cholesterol were 18.8 %, 2.6 %, 2.9 %, 11.9 %, 7.4 % respectively in Chinese adults aged 18 and over. The rates of awareness,treatment,and under control among hypertensives were 30.2 %, 24.7 %,and 25.0 %,respectively. Significant regional and age differences were revealed in the dietary habit and the prevalence of various diseases. The prevalence of diseases associated with malnutrition were higher in rural than in urban areas. In contrast,the prevalence of conditions associated with overconsumption and inappropriate dietary patterns were higher in urban than in rural populations. Conclusion Chinese people were currently suffering from both problems on nutrition related issues and burdens of diseases which were characterized in nutrient deficiencies and overconsumption,malnutrition and noncommunicable conditions associated with overconsumption and inappropriate diet. The difference of nutrition and health status between rural and urban people was also seen.