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老年患者误吸及其危险因素的研究 被引量:32

Research of Aspiration and Its Risk Factors in Senile Patients
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摘要 目的探讨老年患者误吸及其危险因素,为临床护理中识别误吸的高危人群,制定预防措施提供依据。方法98例老年误吸患者为研究对象,对照组为同期观察非误吸的95例受试对象。采用成组病例对照研究方法,内容包括一般资料和患者误吸状况及相关因素评估2个方面。结果误吸的后果中吸入性肺炎占第1位,其次为气管异物、窒息,死亡8例;误吸组的脑血管病变、老年性痴呆、帕金森氏病、慢性阻塞性肺疾病的患病率明显高于对照组(P<0.01)。此外误吸与患者的处理能力、照顾者的类别、进食的体位、进食的方式有密切的关系,2组有显著性差异(P<0.01)。结论应将合并有脑血管病变、老年性痴呆、帕金森氏病、慢性阻塞性肺疾病、生活不能自理、建立人工气道及鼻饲的患者列为误吸发生的高危人群。高度重视评估患者存在的误吸危险因素,制定相应的护理干预措施,有效降低老年患者误吸的发生率。 Objective To investigate aspiration and its risk factors in senile patients, and to provide the evidence of discriminating high risk group of aspiration and formulating protective measure in clinical nursing. Methods 98 aspiration senile patients were regarded as research objects, 95 non-aspiration patients observed at the corresponding period were as the control group. The method of unitizing case control study was applied. There were two aspects in content that were common data, aspiration condition and correlation factors evaluation. Results The first was aspiration pneumonia in consequence of aspiration, next were tracheal foreign body, apnoea,8 patients were dead. Case rates of cerebrovascular disease, senile dementia, Parkingson’s disease, chronic obstructive pulmonary diseases in aspiration group were significantly higher than that in the control group (P<0.01). In addition, there was closed relationship between aspiration and self-care ability of patients, category of watcher, body posture of intaking food, mode of food intaking. There had significant difference between the two groups (P< 0.01). Conclusions Patients incorporating cerebrovascular disease, senile dementia, Parkingson’s disease, chronic obstructive pulmonary diseases, self-care inability, establishing artificial airway and nasal feeding should be classified as h aspiration igh risk group. When risk factors of aspiration were thought highly of and propotional nursing intervention measures were formulated, incidence rate would be decreased efficiently.
出处 《现代护理》 2005年第10期742-743,746,共3页 Modern Nursing
关键词 老年患者 误吸 危险因素 The aged Aspiration Risk factors
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