中国历史文献中的高分辨古气候记录

HIGH RESOLUTION RECORDS AVAILABLE FROM CHINESE HISTORICAL DOCUMENTS

本文介绍了我国历史文献中的古气候记录概况，以及这些记录被用于重建定量的气候序列、绘制历史气候图。

Historical documents are a major source of paleoclimatic information of China, especialy the east part, namely east of 100°E. The information has been employed to reconstruct paleoclimate time series, chart paleoclimatic maps and compile the chronological table of distictive events. In reconstructing climate time series by using historical descriptions, it is obvious that the later the period, the more abundant the materials, and the higher resolution the reconstructed series have. As to the last 5000 years, the famous Zhu's curve gives a sketch and tendency of temperature fluctuation. As to the last 2 000 years, the resolution of reconstructed moisture climatic index series is 10 years. As to.the same period, a dustfall frequency series has a 10 years resolution, too. With abundant historical records in the recent 1000 years, it is possible to try to establish regional dryness/wetness grade series with a yearly resolution. Recently, such five regional dryness/wetness grade series have been obtained in representative stations of Beijing. Zhenzhou. Jinan. Bangbu and Hangzhou. The dryness/wetness series with a yearly resolution for 120 smaller regions in the last 500 years (14701979) had been obtained in 1980, and adding their continuation (1980-1992), have been published recently. On the basis of this set of data, a yearly precipitation tribution pattern series have been obtained in which 6 precipitation distribution patterns are distinguished, as wet in North China and drought in South China. The reconstructed temperature series in the past 500 years period has a 10 years resolution.Certainly, they have yet to be confirmed by comparing with other proxy data. An inspiring example is that a decadely winter temperature series of Shanghai since 1470 reconstructed from document records gives a good fit to the isotope δ18O data from Dunde Ice core: several cold decades are completely coincided in both. Reconstructedprecipitation series in the recent 300 years have monthly and seasonally resolutions, as the monthly precipitation series (1724-1903) of Beijing, the 18th century summer monthly precipitation series of Nanjing, Suzhou and Hangzhou and the 18th century yearly Meiyu series in the lower reaches of Yangtze River. Reconstructed temperature series in the same period also have monthly and seasonally resolutions.as the monthly mean temperature series and the summer and winter mean temperature series (1724-1904) of Beijing.On mapping of real paleoclimatic conditions, the most are individul cases of typical drought and flood, describing their places. extent and intensity. And reconstructed maps of historical storm rain show rain areas and duration in more detailAs for other typical dustfall weather process, serious cold wavest abnormal climatic phenomenon and climatic calamities occurred in historical times, their maps of real conditions are drawn out with a spatial resolution of one county.On compiling the chronological table of . distictive paleoenvironmental phenomena related to climatic abnormals, historical documents can be used to find out theirexact times and locations. An example is the 'Huang He Qing' chronological table.'Huang He Qing' means that the Yellow River water become clear, which, generally, is related to a drought climatic background. This table shows the time, duration, location, extension of the seldom phenomenon since 23 B. C. And other chronological tables are now in compiling, such as the. chronological table of volcanic ashes falldown in China,the chronological table of unusual twilight observed in China. They are significant for inferring the past environmental change and concerning factors to influence climate.