广东省≥15岁居民吸烟模式及影响因素分析

Analysis on smoking pattern and relative risk factors in inhabitants aged 15 or elder in Guangdong province

目的了解广东省不同人群吸烟水平现状及其影响因素,为进一步开展控烟工作提供依据。方法结合全省居民营养与健康状况调查,用面对面询问调查获得15岁以上居民吸烟情况资料共17489人进行描述性分析。结果15岁以上人群粗吸烟率为24·6%,男、女分别为52·7%,1·5%;标化率为20·7%,男、女分别为45·5%,1·1%,男性明显高于女性(P<0·05);城市、农村标化吸烟率分别为17·3%,23·8%,农村高于城市(P<0·05);人群标化现在吸烟率、标化常吸烟率、标化重型吸烟率分别为20·2%,19·3%,10·8%,男性均明显高于女性;平均开始吸烟年龄(中位数)为20·0岁;标化现在戒烟率为1·7%,复吸率为9·1%。年龄、地区、性别、文化程度、职业、婚烟状况是现在吸烟者的相关影响因素,OR值分别为1·07,0·01,1·42,0·89,1·14,1·75。结论广东省人群受到烟草危害相当严重,控烟形势非常严峻。政策保障、营造支持环境、普及烟草危害知识、加强戒烟技巧研究、针对目标人群重点干预是目前降低我省吸烟危害的主要措施。

Objective To know smoking prevalence and relative risk factors in Guangdong inhabitants and to develop effecive tobacco control policies. Methods Based on the Guangdong province inhabitants nutrition and health survey conduced in 2002, smoking data of a sample（ 17489 cases）aged 15 or elder were collected to make a descriptive analysis. Results The smoking rate was 24.6%, standardized rate was 20.7%, males （ 45.5% ） was higher than that of females （ 1.1% ） ; rural（23.8%）was higher than that of city（17.3%）; the standardized current smoking rate, regular smoking rate, heavy smoking rate was 20.2%, 19.3% and 10.8% respectively, which were higher in males than that in females; average age of starting smoking （median）was 20.0 years old ;Standardized current quit smoking rate and relapse rate was 1.7% and 9.1% respectively, Age, region, sex, educational level, occupation, marital status were relative risk factors of current smokers （ OR valuewas 1.07, 0.01, 1.42, 0.89, 1.14, 1.75 respectively）. Conclusion The majority of the population was exposed to tobacco environment. A series control measures, such as health policy , supporting environment, dissemination of tobacco knowledge,study of quit smoking skill, intrvention on high risk population, should be conducted.