深部开采岩体力学研究

STUDY ON ROCK MECHANICS IN DEEP MINING ENGINEERING

深部开采工程中产生的岩石力学问题是目前国内外采矿及岩石力学界研究的焦点,国内外学者通过理论研究、室内及现场试验研究取得了大量的成果。总结分析了深部开采与浅部开采岩体工程力学特性的主要区别,主要表现在“三高一扰动”的恶劣环境、5个力学特性转化特点、4个方面的矿井转型、6大灾害表现形式。针对深部工程所处的特殊地质力学环境,通过对深部工程岩体非线性力学特点的深入研究,指出进入深部的工程岩体所属的力学系统不再是浅部工程围岩所属的线性力学系统,而是非线性力学系统,传统理论、方法与技术已经部分或相当大部分失效,深入进行深部工程岩体的基础理论研究已势在必行。

The rock mechanics problems caused by the deep mining engineering are the focuses in the fields of mining engineering and rock mechanics. A lot of achievements were obtained by scholars through theoretical study, laboratory test, and in-site test. Based on the previous studies of authors, the main differences in engineering mechanics for the characters of rock mass between shallow mining and deep mining are summarized. They are complicated as follows： （1） mining environments with three “high” and one “disturbance”-high ground stress,high earth temperature, high karst water pressure, and mining disturbance： （2） five transform features of mechanical characters： （3） four changes of coal mine types： and （4） six representing types of engineering hazards.By the detailed research on the nonlinear mechanical characters of engineering rock mass in deep mining under complicated geology mechanical environments： it is pointed out that the mechanical system, which is subordinated to engineering rockmass at depth, is the nonlinear mechanical system, but not the linear mechanics system subordinated to engineering rock mass at shallow. The classic theory, methods, and technology are partly or most entirely invalid. So, it is very important to study the basic theory of rock mechanics in deep engineering.