松材线虫入侵对不同类型松林群落演替的影响

Effect of Bursaphelenchus xylophilus Disease on Vegetation Succession in Different Types of Pine Forest

对马尾松和黑松纯林及混交林不同类型森林生态系统的植物分层情况、种类丰富度、个体数量、多样性指数、均匀度指数、生态优势度及重要值进行了调查和分析.结果表明:内陆型生境中,无论是马尾松纯林还是马尾松混交林群落,被松材线虫危害后,乔木层植物的种类及植物多样性均有较大程度的增加,原有森林群落并未向灌丛方向退化,反而比危害前生物多样性指数有较大的增加.危害后的黑松混交林群落比纯林的生物多样性指数大,种类丰富度及个体数量均增大.无论是纯林还是混交林,马尾松林乔木层植物的种类丰富度、生物多样性均大于黑松林,种类组成及空间分布更趋合理.

number of major indices including vegetation layering, species richness, individual number of each species, biodiversity, evenness, ecological dominance, and the importance value of different species in both of the pure and mixed stands of Pinus massoniana and Pinus thunbergii were investigated and analyzed. It was showed by the results that the species richness and the plant diversity increased greatly in both of the pure and mixed stands of Pinus massoniana located in inner continental habitats after having been invaded by Bursaphelenchus xylophilus disease, instead of degenerating to shrub community. The biodiversity index, species richness, and individual number were greater in the mixed stands than those of in the pure stands of Pinus thunbergii after having been invaded by Bursaphelenchus xylophilus disease. The species richness and the biodiversity of the arbor storey in both of the pure and the mixed stands of Pinus massoniana were higher than those of in the stands of Pinus thunbergii, and the composition and spatial distribution of Pinus massonianas stands became more rational after having been invaded