人体质量指数不同的中国成年人身体机能对比分析

A contrastive analysis of physical function of Chinese adults with different body mass index

目的:根据中国肥胖问题工作组提出的中国人的超重和肥胖的界限值,分析不同人体质量指数水平的中国成年人和老年人(统称为成年人)的身体机能的差异,以探讨人体质量指数水平对身体机能的影响。方法:选择2000年国民体质监测的中国20～69岁的成年人,年龄组划分与2000年国民体质监测相同,总体样本量男89341人、女88179人。选用安静脉搏、血压(收缩压、舒张压)、肺活量和台阶试验指数为观察指标,各年龄段人数及人体质量指数分组的人数构成和测量方法及其质量控制见《2000年国民体质监测报告》。本实验血压一次性检测只作为血压属于低血压、正常血压、高血压的分布分析。评估标准:以中国肥胖问题工作组建议的中国成人判断超重和肥胖程度的人体质量指数为界限,<18.5为人体质量指数轻组,18.5～24.0为正常组,24.0～28.0为超重组,≥28.0为肥胖组。结果:总体样本量男89341人,女88179人进入结果分析。①安静脉搏:人体质量指数各组基本表现为正常组最慢,超重组次之,轻组和肥胖组的安静脉搏较快。男女各年龄段不同体质量指数组安静脉搏的差异主要表现在正常组优于其他组;男性超重组60岁前也优于肥胖组。②血压:同年龄段肥胖组血压值明显大于正常组,肥胖组高血压的比例也远远大于正常组。男性人体质量指数各组的正常血压者比例均为轻组>正常组>超重组>肥胖组,女性在45岁前为正常组>轻组>超重组>肥胖组,50岁年龄段起为轻组>正常组>超重组>肥胖组。男女各人体质量指数组高血压者的比例均为肥胖组>超重组>正常组>轻组。③台阶试验指数:男性各年龄段均值均基本为正常组>轻组>超重组>肥胖组,而女性则以轻组>正常组>超重组>肥胖组顺序排列,男女各年龄段正常组大于超重组和肥胖组,除男40岁后,女25岁、45岁及55岁年龄段外其余年龄段轻组大于超重组,差异显著;轻组与肥胖组间、超重和肥胖组间的差异显著。④肺活量:肺活量与人体质量指数的关系有明显的阶段性,基本由体质量越大肺活量越大,逐渐形成正常组>超重组>肥胖组>轻组的趋势。男女各年龄段各人体质量指数分组间的肺活量的变化趋势大致相同。各年龄段轻组的肺活量均值均最小;肥胖组的肺活量均值在男35岁年龄段、女30岁年龄段开始就已经稳定地处于第3位。⑤肺活量/体质量:排除体质量的影响,则男女各年龄段均呈现轻组>正常组>超重组>肥胖组的组别顺序。结论:总体上体质量正常组的身体机能水平最好,肥胖组的最差,而体质量过轻除在血压上好于其他组别外,在许多方面如心率较快、肺活量小对身体机能也有不利的影响。

AIM： According to the limitation of overweight and obesity for Chinese suggested by Chinese Obesity Task Force, the differences of physical function among Chinese adults and elderly people （a general designation of adults） with different body mass index were analyzed, so as to investigate the influence of body mass index on physical function. METHODS： Chinese adults aged 20 to 69 years （89 341 males and 88 179 females） under national physical quality monitoring in 2000 were selected, the division of age groups were the same as that in the national physical quality monitoring in 2000. The resting pulse, blood pressure （systolic pressure and diastolic pressure）, vital capacity and step trial index were taken as the observational indexes. The number of cases in each age group, number of cases constitution of body mass index grouping, and it., measuring methods and quality control could been seen in the national physical quality monitoring reports （2000）. The once detection of blood pressure in the study was only used to analyze the distribution of hypotension, normal blood pressure and hypertension. Evaluation standard： taking the body mass index for the judgement of overweight and obesity in Chinese adults suggested by the Chinese Obesity Task Force as the limitation, 〈 18.5 as small body mass index group, 18.5 to 24.0 as normal group, 24.0 to 28.0 as overweight group, ≥ 28.0 as obesity group. RESULTS： All the 89 341 males and 88179 females were involved in the analysis of results. ① Resting pulse： It was the slowest in the normal group, followed by the overweight group, and faster in the small body mass index group and obesity group. The difference of resting pulse among different body mass index groups at each age segment in males and females were mainly manifested with that it was better in the normal group than in other groups, it was also better in the overweight group than in the obesity group before 60 years old. ② Blood pressure： The value of blood pressure was obviously larger in the obesity group than in the normal group at each age segment, and the proportion of hypertension was also greatly larger in the obesity group than in the normal group. The proportion of cases of normal blood pressure in males was small body mass index group 〉 normal group 〉 overweight group 〉 obesity group, tha in females before 45 years old was normal group 〉 small body mass index group 〉 overweight group 〉 obesity group, and that was small body mass index group 〉 normal group 〉 overweight group 〉 obesity group from 50 years old The proportion of cases of hypertension was obesity group 〉 overweight group 〉 normal group 〉 small body mass index group. ③ Step trial index The average value at each age segment in males was normal group 〉 small body mass index group 〉 overweight group 〉 obesity group, and that in females was small body mass index .group 〉 overweight group 〉 obosity group 〉 normal group. It was higher in the normal group than in the overweight group and obesity group at each age segment for both males and females. Except after 40 years old in males and at age segments of 25, 45 and 55 years, there were significant differences at other age segments between the small body mass index group and the obesity group. The step trial index in the obesity group was significantly different from those in the small body mass index group and overweight group. ④ Vital capacity： Vital capacity had obvious phasic assoeiation with body mass index, the higher the body mass index, the greater the vital capacity, and then the tendency was gradually formed that normal group 〉 overweight group 〉 obesity group 〉 small body mass index group. The changing tendency of vital capacity among the body mass index groups at each age segment was almost the same in both males and females. The average value of vital capacity was the smallest all in the small body mass index group at each age segment;The average value of vital capacity in the obesity group was stabilized at the 3rd place at the age segments of 35 years for males and 30 years for females. ⑤ Vital capacity/body mass： Not considering the influence of body mass, it was ranged as small body mass index group 〉 normal group 〉 overweight group 〉 obesity group at each age segment for both males and females. CONCLUSION： Generally speaking, the level of physical function is the best in the normal body mass group and the worst in the obesity group. Except that blood pressure is better in the small body mass index group, small body mass index also has adverse influence on physical function, such as faster heart rate and smaller vital capacity.