3Brown H G. Principles of language learning and teaching[M]. Englewood cliffs, N J: Prentice Hall,1987.115.
4Gardner R & Lambert W E. Attitudes and motivation in second language learning[M]. Rowley .M A: Newbury House,1972.45 ~ 56.
5Nyikos M &Oxford R L. A factor analytic study of language - learning strategy use: Interpretations of information- processing theory and social psychology[J]. Modem Language Journal1993, (1): 11 ~22.
6O'Malley J & Chamot A. Learning strategies used by beginning and intermediate ESL students [ J ]. Language Learning,1985, (35): 21 ~ 46.
7Rubin J. What the "good language learner" can teach us[J]. TESOL Quarterly, 1975, (9): 17 ~ 28.
8Rubin. J. 1981. The study of cognitive processes in second language learning . Applied Linguistics, (2): 117 ~ 131.
9Stem,H. 1975. What can we learn fr om the good language learner? Canadian Modem Language Review, (31) :304~ 318.