摘要
介入性超声是在实时超声显像引导下进行穿刺而达到定性诊断或／和治疗目的的一种新技术。它成功率高，并发症极少、创伤小、可重复，是一种相对安全、可靠的妇产科诊断及治疗手段，在妇产科领域中有广泛应用价值。阴道内超声引导下穿刺为介入性超声应用开辟了新的途径。介入性超声最早用于羊膜腔穿刺，现开展妊娠９～１２周早期羊膜腔穿刺术；取线毛样本经腹壁或阴道穿刺标本纯、多；脐血管穿刺取血、输血已较广泛开展。胎儿活检及宫内引流也有不同范围的进行。妇科方面对非赘生性肿块，尤其内膜样囊肿、盆腔腹膜囊肿等穿刺既可诊断又可治疗；未破裂型输卵管妊娠和宫角妊娠胚囊穿刺注药疗效可靠；对卵巢肿瘤诊断性穿刺也开展，但对作为治疗有不同意见。超声引导下卵泡穿刺取卵已发展到卵泡内直接授精和腹腔内授精。
Abstract Invasive ultrasonography is a new technique with puncture for qualitative diagnosis or /and therapy based on real-time ultrasound.It has high successful rate,less complications,is less traumatic and could be repealed.It is an relatively safe.reliable diagnostic and therapealic method,which is of practical value in the obstetrics and gynecology.Ultrasound guided puncture per vagina has open up a new way for foe application of invasive ultrasonography.Invasive ultrasonography was first used in amniocentesis in 9-12 weeks of gestation:more and pure villus sample could be acquired through abdominal or vaginal puncture; blood sampling and transfusion has been widely practised through cordocentesis. Fetal biopsy and intrauterine drainage are also practised.In gynecology Cysts like endometroid cyst and pelvic peritoneal cyst could be diagnosed and treated with punclure;uncture and injection of drug in unruptured tubal pregnancy and uterine comeal pregnancy is effective and reliable;diagnostic puncture is also practised in ovarian tumor,but its therapeutic value is still contraversial.Ultrasound guided puncture and egg picking in follicules has advanced to intrafollicular fertilization and intraabdominal fertilization.
