国外油气化探新进展

NEW ACHIEVEMENTS IN GEOCHEMICAL PROSPECTING FOR HYDROCARBONS IN FOREIGN COUNTRIES.

本文概述国外油气地球化学勘查的现状。在油气化探基础理论研究方面，国外学者提出了一些新的概念和认识。Ｍ．Ｄ．Ｍａｔｔｈｅｗｓ认为烃类迁移机制可分为弥散式和会聚式２类，并着重探讨了烃类通过会聚式迁移到达近地表时，其渗逸速率、气泡效应、分散相的成分和性质等对近地表层和水柱中烃类背景水平及异常形成的影响。Ｒ．Ｔｏｍｐｋｉｎｓ提出了油气藏地层电池和氧化还原房概念。有的学者对某些具体化探方法的原理提出了新的认识，如汞烃共生说等等。在油气化探应用效果方面，国外大量实例说明，应用非常规物化探之后，预测成功率明显提高，综合油气勘查是今后油气勘探的发展方向。近年有的学者将化探的微生物法扩展到储层研究，较准确地了解地下储层的性质与动态。油气化探技术虽然取得了重要进展，但在诸如烃类迁移机制、干扰因素的影响、应用领域的扩展等等问题上还有待进一步探讨和研究。

This paper is a review of the status of geochemical prospecting for hydrocarbons abroad. Theoretically, some new conceptions were proposed. For example, M.D.Mattiews believed that the mechanisms of hydrocarbon migration could be classified into 2 types, the dispersed and the focused, and R. Tompkin proposed some new concepts such as the 'hydrocarbon reservoir battery' and'oxidation-reduction cell' concepts. Moreover, some authors gave a series of new notions on the principles of certain geochemical prospeCt lug techniques, such as the intergrowth of mercury and hydrocarbon, etc. As for the application of geochemical prospecting for hydrocarbons, a great number of examples demonstrated that nonconventional geochemical and geophysical techniques could improve the exploration results significantly, therefore, the integrated exploration method should be the tendency in future hydrocarbons prospecting. Furthermore, some authors attempted to apply the microbial technique, one of the geochemical prospecting methods, to reservoir studies to better understand the reservoir properties in recent years. Nevertheless, some fundamentals of geochemical prospecting techniques,such as the mechanisms of petroleum migration, the influence of disturbance, and the enlargement of the applications of the technique in petroleum industry, etc., are still remain to be disputed.