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茴香组织培养中体细胞胚胎发生的组织细胞学研究 被引量:15

HISTOCYTOLOGICAL STUDY ON SOMATIC EMBRYOGENESIS OF FENNEL
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摘要 将茴香幼茎或叶柄的愈伤组织转入附加6-BA和低浓度2,4-D的MS培养基以后,愈伤组织逐步由松软状转变成为颗粒状的胚性愈伤组织,胚状体起源于胚性愈伤组织中的单个细胞或胚性细胞团。在含NAA和6-BA的培养基中,胚状体发育成熟,并再生小植株。茴香的胚状体主要以单细胞内起源方式发生。首先由胚状体单个原始细胞分裂形成2-细胞原胚,2-细胞原胚以三种方式进行分裂:1.T- 形分裂;2.直线形分裂;3.田字形分裂。不同的分裂方式决定了胚柄的有无。茴香胚状体的发育过程与合子胚基本相同。由原胚发育成为球形胚,依次经过心形胚和鱼雷胚阶段,形成成熟的子叶胚。在胚状体发育的每一个阶段,都有其分生组织的活动中心。球形胚期,两团分生组织位于胚体中部对应的两点;心形胚期,位于两侧和中部;鱼雷胚期,分生组织的分布在子叶形成区域呈倒“U”形,在下胚轴部位呈中空的梭形。到子叶期,分生组织从两片子叶伸向胚根,呈“Y”形分布。两子叶间产生茎生长点,由生长点分化出叶原基。胚状体最终发育成为完整植株。 Calli were induced from segments of young stems and petioles of fennel (Foenicu-lum vulgare) on MS medium supplemented with 2,4-D. After transferred to MS medium with 6-BA and lower concentration of 2,4-D, spongy callus gradully became granular embryonic callus, in which embryoids were originated. On medium containing NAA and 6-BA, embryoids grew and developed.Histocytological observation on the granular embryonic callus showed that most embryoids were originated from single embryogenic cells. The embryogenic cell first divided into two-cell proembryo, then the two-cell proembryo divided by three kinds of ways, (a) 'T' type division, (b) line type division, and (c) 'tetrad' type division. The processes of embryoids development were similar to that of zygotic embryos i. e. embryoids developed through globular, heart-shaped, torpedo-shaped and cotyledon stages. In different development stage of embryoids, there were different centres of action of meristem. Two balls of meriste-ms were situated in middle rigion in globular embryoid. In heart-shaped embryoid, meristems were located in middle rigion and two sides. In torpedo-shaped embryo-id, the distribution figures of meristem had the reverse shape of the letter U in every cotyledon rigion and the shape of a shuttle in hypocotyl rigion. And it had the shape of the letter Y from two cotyledons' to radicle in cotyledon stage embryoid. Stem apical meristem was produced between cotyledons. Finally. embryoid developed into plantlet.
出处 《实验生物学报》 CSCD 1995年第3期339-347,共9页 Acta Biologiae Experimentalis Sinica
关键词 茴香 组织培养 体细胞胚胎发生 组织细胞学 Fennel. Tissue culture. Somatic embryogenesis. Histocytology. Meristem. Embryoid.
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