青藏高原泡球蚴病流行病学研究

EPIDEMIOLOGICAL STUDY ON ALVEOLAR HYDATID DISEASE IN QINGHAI-XIZANG PLATEAU

青藏高原是泡球蚴病重要流行区。１９９１年起对西藏、四川、青海三省（区）１１个县的调查结果，其中５县查到该病自然宿主．流行区均系海拔近４０００ｍ的纯牧区。终末宿主赤狐寄生多房棘球绦虫的感染率为５７．１％（１２／２１），藏狐为５９．１％（１３／２２），犬１１．５％（１２／１０４）－２６．４％（１４／５３）。成虫寄生数量从１２条至２００００余条不等，同时在两只藏狐肠内查见近１００００条形态变异的虫体。中间宿主黑唇鼠兔寄生泡球蚴的感染率为３．５％（４／１１３）－９．４％（２４／２５６），灰尾兔为６．７％（５／７５）。其中，藏狐与灰尾免为自然宿主新纪录。此外，大牲畜亦查见泡球蚴感染，其中牦牛０％（０／１０３３）－８．６％（６６／７６６），绵羊０％（０／１１９３）－７．５％（３／４０），猪３．１％（１／３２）。但在牲畜内脏的泡球蚴发育不全，囊泡胚层细胞核稀少，无育囊与原头蚴，均属不育囊。

Qinghai-Xizang Plateau is one of the most important endemic areas of alveolsr hydatid disease (AHD) all over the world. Since 1991, an epidemiological survey has been made in 11 counties of Xizang, Sichuan and Qinghai provinces or region and natural hosts were found in 5 counties. The positive rate of final host Vulpes Vulpes infected with E.multilocularis was 57. 1%(12/21), of V. ferritala 59.1% (13/22), of dog 11.5% (12/104) -26. 4%(14/53). The number of adult worm collected ranged from several to more than 20000. In 2 V.ferritala, nearly 10000 morphologically variant worms were collected. In intermediate hosts, the positive rate was 3.5% (4/113) - 9. 4% (24/256) in Ochotona curzorrinae infected with metacestode of E.multilocularis, 6.7% (5/75) in Lepus oiostolus. In which Vulpes ferritala and Lepus oiostolus are the first record of natural hosts. Domestic animals were also found to be infected with metacestode of E. multilocularis. The positive rate was 0% (0/1033) -8. 6% (66/766) in yak, 0%(0/1193) - 7. 5% (3/40) in sheep and 3.1% (1/32) in hog. The metacestode of E. multilocularis in internal organs of domestic animals developed imcompletely. The nucleus in germinal layer were scarce, and except acephalocyst no brood capsules and protoscolices found.