论流域水文尺度化和相似性

On catchment hydrological scale and similarity

本文论述了流域水文尺度化和相似性问题．探讨了小尺度要素如地貌、土壤和降雨等的空间变化对流域径流形成的影响，提出了反映流域产流面积空间变化动力特性的尺度化理论，即代表性单元产流面积ＲＥＡ的存在．在相似性问题的研究中，讨论了统计相似分析和动力相似分析的两种基本研究方法，为简化尺度化对径流形成的影响，提供了一条概念性与物理性。

Catchment hydrological scale and similaity problems are approached in thispaper. The effects of spatial variability of small scale factors, such asgeomorphology, soil property and raimfall, on catchment runoff production arediscussed. A scale theory, the concept of u Representative ElementaryArea(REA)', which can represent the dynamic variation of contributing area incatchment runoff production is proposed. In the study of similarity problem, twokinds of commonly used method, statistical similar analysis and dynamic similaranalysis, are introduced and discussed. These can provied a practical method,which is an integration of conceptulization with physics and determination withstochasticism, for simplifying the modelling of scale effect on catchment runoff response.